The most recent "established" martial art would have to be mixed Martial Arts or MMA. Unfortunately there is some debate to whether or not this an original martial art because it's just an amalgamation of several techniques from other martial arts. It combines everything from Judo to Greco-Roman Wrestling.
No; most martial arts historians are in agreement, that it is wrestling which holds that honor. No, actually, the first real martial art is believed to be an inian martial art known as Kalarippayattu.
If you're asking where martial arts was born ... Then most believe it was born in China , and that , " Kung Fu" was the first martial arts form.
Boxing
Yes, Judo is a martial art that was based on JuJitsu.
Its not a martial art its a training drill.
It is Majest Martial Art.
ken-do in a form of martial art that uses primarily swords, although most martial arts use weapons at some level.
Samba (the most famous one) Pagode Forró Axé Frevo and some others
Mixed Martial Art (MMA)
the most destructive type of martial art is taekwondo
Most places have some type of martial art. The were created anywhere that man had conflict with other men.
The study of any martial art is not 'quick.' It requires study and hard work. Most schools and systems require a minimum of three years.