Obviously, much like the aim of any sport, the goal of Fencing is to win. No matter what weapon is being used, winning consists of getting to the predetermined point score first (in Direct Elimination bouts in tournaments, the first to 15 wins, in seeding pools, the first to 5). There are only 2 other ways to win: to have the higher score when the time runs out (in Direct Elimination bouts there are three 3 minute periods, at the end of the 3 the time will have run out; in pool bouts there is only one 3 minute period), or if, when the time runs out, it's a tie, there is an additional 1 minute period where the first touch wins.
To gain a point is different for all 3 weapons. In sabre, the goal is for any portion of your blade to touch above your opponent's waist (excluding the hand); in foil the goal is the have your tip connect (so as a little button, I suppose you could call it, is depressed on the end of the blade) with the opponent's torso; in epee, to have your tip depressed in contact with any point on your opponent's body. That is the aim of fencing.
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People take up the sport of fencing for many reasons. Some of these may include the desire for recreational exercise, the desire to participate in a sport with a long history, or even an attempt to better educate themselves in various Martial Arts and self-defense.