What happened as a result of Muhammad Ali's agriculture reform?

Answer 1

Muhammad Ali's agricultural reform in Egypt during the early 19th century aimed to modernize and increase agricultural productivity. He introduced new farming techniques, crop rotation, and the cultivation of cash crops like cotton, which transformed Egypt's economy and reduced dependency on traditional subsistence farming. These reforms led to increased agricultural output, the establishment of a more structured land ownership system, and ultimately contributed to Egypt's emergence as a significant cotton exporter. However, they also resulted in social upheaval and the exploitation of peasant labor, as the focus shifted towards cash crops for export rather than food for local consumption.