The Samurai were heavily influenced by the Chinese Chan(禅) sect of Buddhism. It was introduced to Japan in the 12th-century, around the same time that the Samurai class came into being. Chan is better known by its Japanese pronunciation, Zen. Unlike Pure Land Buddhism, another popular sect in Japan, which relies on saviors like Bodhisattvas, Zen emphasizes meditation and personal salvation. I'm sure many samurai venerated the Buddha or Shinto deities (given Japan was a very religious culture), but Zen influenced them more than any other spiritual path.
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