Bull fighting is very closely associated with Spain and can trace its origins back to 711 A.D. This is when the first bullfight took place in celebration for the crowning of King Alfonso VIII. It is very popular in Spain with several thousand Spaniards flocking to their local bull-ring each week. It is said that the total number of people watching bullfights in Spain reaches one million every year.
Bullfighting was originally a sport for the aristocracy and took place on horseback. King Felipe V took exception to the sport however and banned the aristocracy from taking part, believing it to be a bad example to the public. After the ban commoners accepted the sport as their own and, since they could not afford horses, developed the practice of dodging the bulls on foot, unarmed. This transformation occurred around 1724.
Addendum:
The first bullfight where men began to fight bulls on foot rather than from horseback took place in 1726 and the first matador to do so was Franciso Romero. That would be the birth of the modern bullfight.
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Bullfighting has been around in one form or another for about 2000 years in Spain. It is thought to have been brought to Spain by the Roman Emperor Claudius, emperor from 41 to 54. Originally, bulls were fought only from horseback. Some credit Francisco Romero (1700–1763), a significant Spanish matador, with inventing or introducing the modern form of fighting the bull on foot. He reputedly introduced the famous red cape (muleta) into bullfighting in around 1726. If Francisco Romero is not the inventor of the modern bullfight, he is the first matador that became professional and lived from his art.
The first Spanish-style bullfight where the matador fights the bull while on foot occurred in 1726 it is thought.