It depends which weapon we are referring to.
In sabre, the rules are simple- go fast and hit them without consquence. You may take parries (blocks), beads (another type of block), point-in-line (extremely risky), preparation (hitting while in defense) and stopcuts (a type of preparation.)
The most famous sabre fencers include James Williams, Tim Morehouse, and Mariel Zagunis.
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The olymipic Fencing rules are simple the player with the most points wins points are scored with every hit above the waist excluding the hands is one point should one competitor lose grip of their saber the opponet cannot pick it up but can attack the other at any time electronic sensors indicate hits by blinking on the attacked competetor's chest you must only attack with the saber no other attacks will be counted if you do however attack without the saber the lights on you chest will turn deep red indicating that you are disqualified.
A lot of fencing rules are common sense (don't intentionally whack the ref) but there's some that only fencers can know: For the foil, only the torso is valid target area (in other words, hit the foot or head and it'll be off-target). For the epee (pronounced eh'-pay), the entire body is target area. For the sabre, only the head and torso are valid targets. Don't grab your opponent's blade, don't trip him (intentionally), don't hold your blade with both hands, don't run at him like a kamikaze idiot, etc.
The answer varies slightly depending on the weapon being used. (Both fencers will use the same type of weapon) Common Rules: All safety and scoring equipment must be tested prior to the event. Scoring is accomplished by achieving a touch on the opponent's target area during the action of a bout. The director will start and stop (or halt) the bout. No one may score after a halt. A pool bout is to 5 touches or 3 minutes. An elimination bout (or DE) is to a score of 15 touches, or 9 minutes. There is no tie, a one minute sudden death over time will be used if needed. This is called "Fencing to priority." A bout begins with a salute and ends with a shaking of (un-weaponed) hands. The bout takes place on the fencing strip. Stepping off the strip will halt the bout and, in the case of stepping off the end of the strip, a touch will be awarded to the other fencer. Foil and saber: A fencer must have the right-of-way as well as be on target for a touch be be scored. Only one fencer can score at a time. Epee: There is no right-of-way and both fencers may score a touch at the same time. The target area is inclusive of the entire body so there is no off target so long as the touch is on the fencer.
you have to wear pretective cloving and you have sword with a rubber bit on the end so you dont get hurt you can eather feint, lunge, parry and riposte