That depends greatly on the style of karate and what school you attend. There is a wide variety of kata and different schools start off with different kata. And there is also the language differences. I teach Kihon Kata Ichi first, basic kata number one. And I teach Naihanchi Shodon before any of the Pinan kata.
As far as I know (from listening in karate class) martial arts started in China and were brought to Japan along with calligraphy and art. However, the stereotypical, "karate" (there are many many different forms) was "invented" in Japan.
There are not that many moves in any style, they are all pretty basic in their moves. to attempt to quantify it is not likely to be successful.
The number of forms varies by school. The style I study has 18 that are the primary focus. Their origins vary, many being developed from Chinese forms, others were created by early instructors.
Kanmukan karate is a martial art system developed by George Anderson, Hanshi. It blends Okinawa karate, Korean karate, and kung-fu influences. Kwanmukan Karate is world wide.
Karate started in the Ryukyu islands due to the introducing of some forms of chinese martial arts.
In simple language, it refers to the teaching of basic techniques in a karate class.
Karate is generally more focussing on the forms and standup, on the other hand jiu jitsu is more sparing and no forms, and mostly ground work
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No there are many forms of martial arts with the two most popular being Mixed Martial Arts, and Karate. Kung Fu and other forms of fighting are instructed for various programs including six sigma.
The one that you will study and practice. Karate is all based on the same basic principles from the same basic roots in Okinawa. The effectiveness is more dependent upon the practitioner then on the style.
It would be hard to generalize a difference. Karate, while it focuses on striking, it also involves grappling techniques. The styles differ in the kata that they learn, but even those show a great deal of similarity. The basic blocks, kicks and punches are extremely similar.