Describe the technique and purpose of cell fractionation?

Answer 1

Cell fractionation is basically just the breaking open of cells and separation of contents.

You can usually do it by grinding or in a blender if cells are big, or by freezing which liquid nitrogen which causes cell contents to expand and break open. All this is usually done at a buffered Ph and cold temperature to prevent damage to whatever protein or molecule in the cell one may be studying.

After all the contents are free they are usually separated by centrifugation and a series of purification steps, after which you can search for your molecule of interest using chromatography, gels, etc.