The big four audit firms are four networks of smaller firms operating under a single brand name. They are PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Enst & Young, and KPMG. Between them, the Big Four control almost all of the auditing on the planet.
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The top of all Big Audit firms globally and regionally is PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers). It is recognised as the leader in professional services firm in multiple publications.
During the 1990s the growth of management consulting by audit firms caused many observers to question whether those firms were sufficiently independent to conduct their audits of public companies in the interest of the investing public.
To ensure independence, CPA firms are not allowed to complete most consulting services for their publicly traded audit clients. Under Section 201 of SOX, it is unlawful for a CPA firm to provide any nonaudit service to an audit client,
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Estimated and actual costs, are influenced by:the Auditors' Time (a function of the assessed Audit Risk)the Auditors' Disbursements (ie. Travel to conduct the audit)the sate of the subject Company's RecordsSome smaller firms may have less overhead and can therefore afford charge less.In most, if not all jurisdictions, there are rules of professional conduct that govern how auditors must price their audits. For example, firms are not allowed to charge significantly lower than the predecessor firm, unless the member or licensed firm can demonstrate they have qualified staff, resources and will not compromise the audit quality.
The Big Four refers to the largest accounting firms in the world: Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), Ernst & Young (EY), and KPMG. These firms are multinational and provide audit, assurance, tax, consulting, and advisory services globally. They represent countries from around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and others.
unqualified report is that Audit report in which Audit opinion specify that according to according to rules and regulation the firms financial statement portray true and fair view.
unqualified report is that Audit report in which Audit opinion specify that according to according to rules and regulation the firms financial statement portray true and fair view.
when the audit is not a statutory requirement , but is conducted at the desire of owners , such an audit is private audit . the audit is conducted primarily forr their own interest. At times the private audit may become a requirement under tax laws , if the turnover exceeds a specified limit. private audit is of the following types : 1 audit of sole proprietorship 2 ,, ,, partnership firms 3 ,, ,, individuals accounts 4 ,, ,, institutions not covered by statutory audit