yes!
Stays, lines, ropes and halyards.
out of the sun
out of the sun
They are known a cleats.
The halyard holds the sail up. When a rope has an assigned job on a boat (or a ship) it is referred to as a line.
Basic answer is that when twisting two ropes together you are causing tension in the fibers of the ropes as they bend around each other. If you don't secure both ends of the two ropes the tension will pull the ropes back to their relaxed state. Think of stretching out and wrapping a rubber band around your finger.
there are only 1 - 5 escape ropes
By taking 2 simple trips using the same boat for both trips.
An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes.
Some slack in the ropes is needed to allow for changes in water level due to tides etc. otherwise the boat may end up hanging off the pier (not good for the pier, the rope or the boat) if the water level falls, or being pulled over and against the pier if the water level rises. The mooring ropes may still have to be adjusted several times each watch in areas with significant tidal ranges.
You have to climb the ropes and bounce on the umbrellas to reach what was the rear or back end of the boat.