Strictly speaking, a checkmate is possible on black's second move, with the following turns:
1. f3 e5 2. g4 Qh4#
This mate is so unlikely that it would need cooperation between the two players. The quickest mate that actually happens in Chess (usually at the beginner level) is:
1. e4 e5 2. Bc5 Nc6 3. Qh5 Nf6 4. Qxf7#
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There really is no quick way, the best you can do to get a fast stalemate is to get rid of all the opponents pieces besides the king, should be easy from there