Not to sure about ALL martial artist, but in China (back in the day) kung-fu was only taught to families and/or close relatives/friends. As for, people these days... you got me!
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The name will depend upon the martial art. In karate it is called a kata. Other arts use the word form or poomse for a sequence.
Calling someone "Master" is a common in Martial Arts. It's more a sign of respect than of subservients. However, it is debatable by some. Many martial arts instructors prefer a translation equivalent to "Teacher" in the respective language, such as "Sensei" in Japanese, "Sifu" in Chinese, "Sabeomnim" in Korean and so on. The belief is one truly never masters the martial arts as it is an ever learning experience.
In most Japanese Martial Arts (Karate, Judo, Aikido, Jujutsu, Daken-Taijutsu, Koppo, etc...) it's called a "Hane-age" (pronounced ha-neh-a-geh ) or in English in most circles it's called a "Kip-up" regardless of Martial Arts or whatever...
The modern living room is what we used to call a private parlor - it's a room where the family can get together and entertain themselves. Nowadays, you have a TV to watch, video games to play, and possibly some board games and books.
The fauvists referred to themselves as wild beats because of their wildly unconventional use of color and form in paintings.