Judo can be translated directly as "the gentle way." Ju is a direct translation of Gentle.
Aikido is also often referred to as the gentle way as well.
They focus on grappling instead of kicking and punching, you are supposed to use momentum to try to throw the opponent onto the ground. It is meant for defense only.
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The Japanese system of Judo (meaning "gentle way") was created by Jigoro Kano in 1882. Prior to that, Martial Art systems were mostly aggressive combat training for military and self defense involving blocks and strikes. Evolving out of jujutsu (meaning "Gentle Technique"), the "Gentle" aspect was the acceptance and blend with the attacker's force, using balance, leverage, and gravity to avoid and redirect attacks and cause damage mostly through throws and flips which slam the opponent to the ground rather than strike them with punches or kicks (although some strikes are employed, mostly as distractions).
Early Japanese budo (military arts) were referred to as Aikijujutsu, which blended the hard and soft aspects of self defense. In the early 1900's, the Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu was a reemergence of the old training. Modern jujutsu evolved out of this, as well as Aikijutsu, and Aikido, developed by Morihei Ueshiba between the 1920's and 40's. The Japanese term "Ai" means "Harmony" or to "blend" or "join" forces. The principle of "Aiki" is unique only to the Martial Art, and refers to the the spirit and energy of the defender blending with that of the attacker.
With the frequent exchange of cultural influences, many of these Japanese systems might have been influenced by earlier Chinese Internal styles or soft styles like Yang family or Chen Taji quan (aka: T'ai Chi Ch'uan) from the 1800's, which is the gentle way as well as Chi Gong internal style which focuses on meditation and mental focus to harness your chi life force power.
There are also very different Chinese forms that blend hard and soft techniques such as Kung Fu (Gong fu or wushu) versus hard styles like Japanese Karate. Examples of Japanese Aikido, which is a way of using your opponent's momentum against them by deflecting and redirecting, can be seen being performed by Steven Segal in movies such as Above the Law, Glimmer Man and Under Siege (I and II), however the pressures of Hollywood have caused the staged movie fight scenes to reveal a much harder, violent, and aggressive application of Aikido than taught by its founder, O-Sensei Ueshiba.
Nepali Martial Arts is 'Nepal Combat Art'. Style: Combat Jujitsu / Military Arts Nepal Khukuri Martial Arts (Khukuri, kukuri means nepali knife)
Dojang is the common name used to describe a Korean martial arts training hall / school.
kung fukaratetaekwondo
Silat is the name typically given to the martial art of Indonesia
Combat martial arts