Japanese Kenjutsu does not use high flying, extremely "fancy" or "pretty" Katas; most of the Katas across all Kenjutsu schools, involve overhead slashes and stepping techniques. However all that fancy stuff you see in the movies, in a real Kenjutsu duel with bokken, it will get you brained, and with actual swords 400 years ago it could get you killed. Most instructors in Japan though, have control to the point where they can stop their bokken just short of striking someone.
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The Phung Ahn Kata of Tang Soo Do were developed from the Heinan Kata of Shotokan Karate. The Heinan Kata of Shotokan were based on the Pinan Kata of Okinawan Karate. The Pinan Kata were created about 1915 by Anko Itosu, one of the most influential karate-ka in history. He and Gichan Funikoshi (founder of Shotokan) were students of Bushi Matsumora.
scorpion. kata of the sandy rocks was here
There are no requirements for size. Minimum is enough room for one person to do a kata in. Many of the dojo in Okinawa are only three or four tatami mats. Ideally there is enough room for a class of ten or twelve students to observe the teacher and follow along on a kata.
It depends greatly on the style and school. In general, when you reach green belt you will have learned about half the kata necessary to reach black belt. You will have learned about half of the drills, kumite and bunkai needed. You will learn some new kata and additional requirements, and improve your skills in the previous kata and requirements.
The name will depend upon the martial art. In karate it is called a kata. Other arts use the word form or poomse for a sequence.