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Why defects in crystals are called thermodynamic defects?
Defects in crystals are called thermodynamic defects because they influence the overall energy or thermodynamic properties of the crystal lattice. These defects can affect the stability, entropy, and other thermodynamic properties of the crystal structure. They are considered in the context of thermodynamics as they impact the equilibrium state and behavior of the crystal material.
What is ionic defect?
Ionic defects are structural imperfections in a crystal lattice that result from the presence of missing or extra ions in the lattice. These defects can affect the material's properties, such as electrical conductivity or optical behavior, by influencing the movement of ions within the lattice. Examples of ionic defects include vacancies, interstitial ions, and substitutional impurities.
How do you detect defects deep in a material?
Ultrasonic and X-ray investigations can detect many kinds of defects deep in materials.
Defects in the heart or blood vessels present at birth?
anemia
What are the various birth defects?
There are thousands of identified birth defects. Birth defects are abnormal developments present at birth that can cause physical or mental disability. Some, but not all are fatal.
Why does the army do pre-combat checks?
To insure no defects or errors are present.
What is heart surgery for congenital defects?
A variety of surgical procedures that are performed to repair the many types of heart defects that may be present at birth.
Where defects can occur in crystal structures?
Within a crystal there are point defects and line defects; point defects are missing or extra lattice points within the crystal lattice (vacancies or interstitials), line defects may be due to an 'extra' half lattice plane within the crystal. The end of a line defect plane is known as an edge dislocation, screw dislocations occur where part of a crystal is displaced over one lattice direction and is therefore twisted. Dislocation loops can occur where an edge and a screw dislocation intersect.
What is the difference between vacancy and self interstitial crystalline defects?
the simplest of the point defects is a vacancy or vacant lattice site ,one normally occupied from which atom is missing is called vacancy a self-interstitial is an atom from a crystal that is crowded into an interstitial site , a small void space that under ordinary circumstances is not occupied.
What causes material usage variance?
Material usage variance can be caused due to waste. Quality issues, such as defects, can result in material usage variance.
How might the impurities be incorporated into the crystal structure of a material?
Impurities can be incorporated into a crystal structure through a process called doping, where foreign atoms are intentionally added during crystal growth. These impurities can occupy lattice sites, forming substitutional defects, or they can be present in between lattice sites, creating interstitial defects. Doping can alter the electronic and optical properties of the material, making it useful for various applications.
What is a congenital defect mean for dogs?
Congenital defects in dogs are the abnormalities which are present at the time of birth. Congenital defects can occur in any system or in any part of the body.
