Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party did, but it was not "after the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II." Immediately after the Czar abdicated and his government collapsed, a Provisional Government of ministers was set up temporarily until a new constitution could be written. In October 1917 (Old Style, November 1917 New Style) Lenin set up the communist government after overthrowing the Provisional Government.
In addition, it wasn't really "communist" except in name only. It was socialist.
Nicholas II
It was WWI when Czar Nicholas II of Russia was overthrown. The year, 1917. the following year, he and his entire family were assassinated.
Technically he abdicated the thrown in 1917.
They fought to overthrow the Provisional government and established communism in Russia.
Czar Nicholas II signed the October Manifesto after the 1905 Russian Revolution. It promised many personal freedoms, but he soon reneged on all of them leading to his eventual overthrow in 1917.
Operation Czar Overthrow: Revolutions (Russian edition)
Poverty and with the hope that communism would solve the disparate economic strata of the population.
Nicholas II, the last Romanov Tsar (czar).
Czar Nicholas II
Czar Nicholas III
Russia overthrew the Czar in the February Revolution of 1917. The actual date when Czar Nicholas II signed the letter abdicating his throne was March 2, 1917 according to the Russian calendar, March 15, 1917 according to the western world's calendar.
That overthrow was called the February Revolution.