Capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism
Vladimir I. Lenin was the leader and hero at least from the Bolshevik perspective.
There are three possible answers to this question because there were (at least) three political parties that could be deemed "socialist revolutionaries. First is the Bolshevik Party. Vladimir Lenin was the chief leader. Second is the Menshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. Julius Martov was the chief leader of that party. Third is the Party of the Socialist Revolutionaries. Victor Chernov was the chief leader of that party. Most likely this question refers to the Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin, since it is the political party which overthrew the Russian Provisional Government (not the Tsar) in the October Revolution and later became the Communist Party.
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Lenin was positive that because Russia was a backward country and lacked technology, the Leninist revolution required the support and acheive power in at least one other advanced nation in order to succeed.
Joseph Stalin along with Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev tried to take power from Lenin when Lenin was disabled by strokes. These three ran the government in Lenin's absence as he recovered and continued to do so secretly even when Lenin returned to work. The three would make governmental decisions in secret meetings after the general meetings that Lenin attended. Stalin restricted access to Lenin when Lenin was recovering. Stalin's biggest move for power was after Lenin made him Secretary General of the Communist Party. Once in that post, Stalin placed people loyal to him in many governmental offices. Stalin never did unseat Lenin, but he certainly tried and succeeded to take at least some of Lenin's powers away.
The German government agreed to escort Lenin from his exile in Switzerland back to Russia in order that Lenin could provoke another revolution that would take Russia out of World War I. This would allow Germany to move all the military forces it had fighting the Russians over to the western front to fight the French and English. The February Revolution and the abdication of the Tsar had already occurred, but the new Provisional Government did not stop the war. Germany hoped Lenin would at the very least make the Provisional Government end Russia's involvement in the war if not completely stop it by taking over the government, which is what happened. Lenin was not only transported back to Russia but he and the Bolsheviks received money from the Germans as well. Many rival political people accused them of being paid German agents.
Lenin claimed to follow Marx’s ideas, but in fact he distorted these. Lenin did not believe that workers could liberate themselves, so he though they needed to be led by a vanguard (himself and others). What he set up in Russia was state capitalism, not Communism.
Lenin stood some of Marx's ideas on their heads. One is that Marx believed there would be an economic revolution of workers (proletariat) against owners of the means of production (bourgeoisie). Once the workers took control of the economy, they would change the prevailing political system by instituting what Marx called the "dictatorship of the proletariat." It would not be a true dictatorship. It would be a democratic system with workers in control, but it would ensure that all vestiges of the capitalist system were erased. Lenin created a political revolution, first overthrowing the government of the Tsar and taking political control. Then using governmental power, he changed the economic system from purely capitalist to more socialist by abolishing private property, nationalizing banks and other measures . Lenin did not accept Marx's view that the proletariat would get so dissatisfied with being oppressed that it would seize control of the economy. Lenin felt that at least at that time, the workers were more likely to accept just a little bigger piece of the profits of the bourgeoisie rather than overthrowing them entirely. Lenin was more right than Marx about that.
Mercury is the least massive planet in our solar system.