According to the laws of Physics as we currently know them, it is not possible to sail any closer to the wind than 45 degrees. That leaves a 90 degree window altogether. If indeed, "East" is 90 degrees on your compass (like all the rest in our world), you will not be able to sail toward the wind, from 45 degrees to 135 degrees on your compass. All other courses are available.
Point of order, though: Technically speaking, a sail is a vertical wing & the wind flows around the sail, foiling, and actually PULLS boat along. This makes for a great trick question; "Does the wind push or pull a boat?".
They would use sails when the wind is blowing the ideal direction.
Very simply, by using the wind as a form of propulsion by the use of sails. Either the wind 'pushes' the vessel or it 'pulls' it through the water.
Most of the time. Some are powered by motors, but all of them have the sails (different numbers for different kinds of ships). The wind catches in the sails and moves the boat. Depending on the angle of the sail, the ship can move in almost any direction. Though it is easiest when the wind is right behind the boat. When the wind is blowing in the opposite direction you want to go, then there is a technique that you can use called "tacking".
The wind power pushes the boat with the different sails that can be changed by the direction of the wind and with the help of the rudder or even shifting body weight. Normally a zig zag route maneuvers helps in pushing the boat forward.
A pulley doesn't raise or hoist sails. A pulley is just a wheel that eases a change in direction of a rope. It is a rope that hoists or raises sails. A rope for this purpose is called a Halyard.
The wind blowing past the sails creates a force that pulls the boat along.
Probably there were no sails on Noah's ark because the ark was built solely for withstanding the world flood, not for going in a certain direction.
This Nile River was the only suitable means for trasport of anything. It took far less time with the winds blowing the sails in the appropriate direction and/or paddling then hoofing it, especially during the time before Egypt had camels or horses.
The wind hitting the sail at an angle upwind pushes it sideways which is why you zigzag. Downwind wind hit sail straight on
Allegedly, the lateen sail design made it possible to sail closer into the wind. That is, less than 45 degrees from the direction the wind is blowing. No sail boat can sail directly into the wind. Yet.
It depends on the weight of the shift, the direction and strength of the ocean currents, the direction and strength of the wind, and the size of the masts/sails.
A sailor can manage a ship better with rudders and move the ship. Larger sails were also moveable so they could change direction and speed.