Warren G. Harding
1948
The first US Open Golf Championship was held in 1895.
William Howard Taft
The first public course was built in 1895 but I found this on the TourCanada site: "18th century golf in the United States, while known to exist, did not catch on and it was in Canada that golf first established firm roots in North America. The Royal Montreal Club was formed in 1873, the Quebec Golf Club in 1875 followed by a golf club at Toronto in 1876. It wasn't until 1888 that golf resurfaced in the United States. A Scotsman, John Reid, first built a three hole course in Yonkers, New York near his home..."
PING
1986
AG Spaulding
Revere Beach in Revere, MA is the first public beach in the US established in 1896
Approximately 18,000 golf courses in US alone.
The Chicago Country Club in Wheaton, IL. I believe it opened in 1893, and was the first 18 hole golf course in America.
According to Golf Travel Insider, Florida has the most golf courses in the US. This article is from 2010. Though Florida ranks 7th in most courses per square mile, the state does sport the most courses.