You don't drop unless it lands in the water or you can't find it. Double hitting is when you take a shot and the club hits the ball twice. Usually, you get a 1 shot penalty in most cases.
Approach is a shot that is hit to the green.
Mulligan?
Commonly known as a flop or lob shot.
Richard Nixon
An air shot.
This stands for out of bounds. It is an area of the golf course or off the golf course which is not in play. If you hit your ball out of bounds, you cannot play your next shot from there, you must re-hit your shot from the place you originally played from. There is a one shot penalty for hitting out of bounds.
Shank
eagle
A shot is simply caused by hitting the ground before you hit the ball, this can happen if you do not have the bottom of the arc of your swing in the correct position, or you drop your arms too early, and if you drop your right leg (for right handers) too soon.
An approach shot is a shot in golf aimed to land on the green, hit for accuracy rather than power, or a shot in tennis intended to allow the player to get to the net.
You pour the sand into your divots after you have hit.
A Mulligan is a do-over.