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When muscles are overtaxed, the cardiovascular system can't supply enough oxygen to keep up with the needs of the tissue, and the muscle cells start fermentation to maintain a degree of energy production. The end product of the fermentation process (in this case) is lactic acid. (Pyruvate molecules are made from glucose - cf. glycolysis - but in the meantime, NAD+ coenzymes are reduced to NADH as a byproduct. In order for the process to continue, the NADH needs to revert to NAD+ and lose the hydrogen. The hydrogen is added onto pyruvate to form lactic acid).

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Q: What is the relationship between overexertion of muscles and the formation of lactic acid?
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