No penalty
Yes. You can use the rescue clubs from the fairways, just like an iron really.
These are called irons, they are numbered 1-9 with various lofts and lengths. They can be used from the rough or anywhere, as can fairway woods.
On clubs such as the Driver, fairway woods rescue clubs and wedges usually have their lofts on them. For irons you can get a list usually from the manufacturers website.
The golf ball didn't spark, but it is very possible that you did see a spark. This happens when tiny tiny stones and even pieces of sand come in contact with the bottom of the club when you are hitting the ball. This will only have happened on clubs made from titanium such as drivers and some fairway woods.
The best golf club for making a long drive down the fairway is simply known as a "driver". These types of clubs may also be called "long drive" golf clubs. Occasionally, the long drive club will simply be called an "LD" club.
if you are still hitting good i see no need to update them, but if you are not hitting acceptably you should probably update your clubs
Fairway Woods golf clubs can be bought from several places, both online and in physical stores. Dick's Sporting Goods, eBay, Overstock, and the Nike online store all sell them.
Ping does they are called Ping Rhapsody (current range), Callaway, Taylormade, Adams, Cobra and Nike.
In golf, various types of clubs are used depending on the distance and type of shot required. The main types of golf clubs include drivers, fairway woods, hybrids, irons, wedges, and putters.
I have a 19 degree hybrid and a fairway wood. Both perform extremely well and represent great value for money (£45 the pair!).
Basically your driver or woods depending on your set are used for your first shot: hitting the ball of the tee. This club has got the biggest face meaning it can get more distance. Then your irons are for using on the fairway to get your closer to the hole. I usually use my 9 iron most of the time on the fairway. Then your sand wedges are for getting out of bunkers and your pitching wedges are used for chipping onto the green but for chipping you can also use your irons. Then your other wedges or clubs like 5 or 6 irons are more for the use of getting yourself out of the rough where the grass is thicker. These clubs are a bit heaver and stronger. Then your putter is for putting the ball into the hole on the green. When using your putter you shouldn't take a big back swing just a light tap depending on the distance from the ball to the hole. I hope this helps :-)
A professional golfer will have many, many clubs because it will give them a lot of options, they will have clubs with different degrees of lofts and different types of shafts. They will use these clubs if they feel they are not hitting their current clubs well enough or just want a change. They will also be given plenty of clubs by the brand they are with and by brands who want them to endorse their clubs.