a breaking ball is simply any pitch that curves, dips, dives, moves or does anything but go in a straight line. Curveballs, sliders, sinkers, slurves, screwballs and gyroballs are all examples of breaking balls.
Note that changeups do not count as breaking balls, because their purpose is not to confuse the batter with a change in direction, but rather a change in speed.
Knuckleballs are sort of a combination of offspeed and breaking balls, and I'm not sure what an eephus pitch is.
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