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Lenin and the Bolsheviks wanted to create a socialist society to replace the capitalist one then in effect. It is a common mistake to think that they wanted to create a communist society. That was never their immediate intention. The reason is that following the theories of Karl Marx, communism had to be preceded by socialism which would evolve into communism over several generations. Communism was a form of society that could not be imposed. It had to come about naturally. Virtually all of the revolutionary groups at that time wanted to institute socialism.

What was also a factor was that as per Marx, a developed capitalist economy had to precede a revolution. Russia was never a developed capitalist society.

It also should be noted that the first goal was a Dictatorship of the proletariat.

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Q: What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks hope to create?
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