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The Bolshevik secret police was the Cheka and was created in December of 1917. The use of terror on a mass scale however, did not begin until August of 1918.

A civil war followed the Bolshevik revolution and the murder of a ranking member of the Cheka by a former anarchist and the attempted murder of Lenin set off a reprisal for all counter revolutionaries. 500 persons were implicated & shot.

Estimates on the number of people put to death during the counter revolution by the Cheka are about 50,000. These victims were either outright anti communists to radical communists far to the left of the mainstream party. Some were more moderate socialists.

The Cheka felt the need to harshly execute any opposition. By 1921 the Cheka had an administrative staff of 31,000.

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