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accelerating force
Accelerate at a constant rate (although if the net force is zero, this constant acceleration would be zero, so it wouldn't really be proper to say its accelerating in that case).
If the forces are balanced, the net force is zero. This also means that the object is not accelerating. (net force = mass x acceleration)
-- A car accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the car. -- A stone accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the stone. -- A Frisbee accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the Frisbee. -- A baseball accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the baseball. -- A dog accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the dog. -- A book accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the book. -- A canoe accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the canoe. -- An airplane accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the airplane. -- A planet accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the planet. -- A cow accelerates in the direction of the net force on it, at a rate equal to the magnitude of the net force divided by the mass of the cow.
Zero net force has no effect on an object's motion whatsoever.
its velocity will change by accelerating in the direction of the force
If the scale is accelerating, then there is some net force on it. If the scale is either moving in a straight line at a constant speed, or else just sitting there on the floor, then the net force on it is zero.
Since the book is not accelerating, we know that the net force on it is zero.
Not accelerating. It could be stationary or moving at a constant speed.
Just as with other object, you can deduce the net force using Newton's Second Law. If an object - a person in this case - is at rest (or moving at a constant velocity), the net force must needs be zero. Only if the person is accelerating will there be a non-zero net force.
The force equal mass times acceleration, if force remains the same, and mass is doubled, then acceleration must be cut in half.