Speed has a direct affect on the magnitude of forces experienced by the vehicle. Force is mass x acceleration( or deceleration). This is why brakes/tires on performance cars are so much larger having to manage a great amount of energy during braking/cornering.
Drag( the force of air on an object) is affected by speed, it goes up 4 times( quadruples) as speed doubles . It would take 4 times the current horsepower to double the vehicles top speed. This is why manufacturers/race teams spend millions of dollars in wind tunnel research/development. Drag even at highway speed a noticeable affect on fuel economy.
It affects it by killing people.
If It's a head wind it slows down the vehicle's acceleration, lowers the vehicles top speed. If its a tail wind it could raise a vehicles top speed, that is why records have to be run in both directions to negate the wind's influence.
It's air resistance it takes power to overcome & help keeps them down on high speed models.
The weight of a vehicle can affect its speed by influencing its acceleration and braking capabilities. Heavier vehicles may have slower acceleration and longer braking distances compared to lighter vehicles due to the increased inertia they have to overcome. However, once a vehicle is in motion, its weight has less impact on its top speed because other factors like engine power and aerodynamics become more significant.
What part of an automobile's engine has a direct impact on the acceleration rate of the vehicle as well as what do I do to improve that vehicles acceleration rate.
Speedometer
The speed limit for vehicles merging onto the highway from an on ramp is typically the same as the posted speed limit for that section of the highway.
The wheel size does affect its speed.
None can.
Add a governor to limit the speed of the engine or vehicle.
The Weight Change.
It will slow the vehicles acceleration down, and make it take longer to stop. If the height of tire changes it will also affect the performance/ride quality.