they don't.
yes penguins do need air to breath underwater.
Real penguins breathe air, and hold their breath when they are underwater.
no, but they can stay underwater for a long time
Penguins are able to hold their breath while swimming underwater by closing their nostrils and using their lungs to exchange oxygen. They can stay submerged for several minutes before resurfacing to breathe. Additionally, penguins have a high concentration of myoglobin in their muscles, which helps store oxygen and aids in their ability to stay underwater for extended periods of time.
Penguins breathe every few seconds, just like we do. The exception is when they're swimming underwater, in which case they hold their breath.
Penguins can hold their breath underwater for an average of around 5-10 minutes, although some species have been known to stay submerged for up to 20 minutes. Their ability to hold their breath for extended periods helps them hunt for food while swimming.
Adele penguins breathe air through avian air sacs which are similar to lungs in mammals. They are able to hold their breath for extended periods while diving under the water.
Like all birds, penguins get their oxygen by breathing air. Therefor, they can't breath underwater. However, small penguins like the blue fairy penguin can hold their breath for dives that last about one or two minutes. Than they come back to the surface to breath.
The same way as any other animal. They breathe it with their lungs. When they are underwater, they are holding their breath like whales do.
Penguins DON'T breathe under water. Penguins breathe with lungs, and need to surface regularly to breathe. While diving, they simply hold their breath.
Emperor penguins breathe through their lungs, taking in oxygen from the air and expelling carbon dioxide. When they are swimming underwater, emperor penguins can hold their breath for up to 18 minutes, utilizing their large lung capacity and efficient oxygen exchange system to dive deep for food.
Holding your breath underwater is when your head/face is underwater and you do not breath.