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Yes- but accuracy with slugs in any double barreled shotgun is not the best- the lines of the barrels converge. Imagine a very large X. Right barrel will shoot somewhat to the left, left barrel to the right.
probably not, historicly shotguns are smoothbore if you shoot a slug, THAT would be rifled.
Depends on the ammunition. Rifled 12 gauge slugs are accurate to about 150 yards
In a word, no. In two words, absolutely not. www.countrygunsmith.net
Most shot guns can handle deer slugs.
yes for a shotgun you need a rifle barrel DO NOT shoot slugs if you have a poly-choke!
The Stevens 59A can shoot all size loads from #12 to slug. So in short, yes.
If the Stevens double is a modern gun in good condition you can shoot slugs in it. Some double guns may tend to "cross shoot." You'll just have to try it and see. Keep the distance short, to 30 yards or so.
long
No, not without barrel inserts.
Yes.
You can, but, it will not be a good thing.