Rosin flux will probably last hundreds or even thousands of years. I suspect that fossil amber would work as a decent flux. The solvent in liquid organic fluxes may evaporate, leaving a solid. Some paste fluxes are water based and the water will evaporate.
In some solder it is. But even if it is in the solder you should still use flux.
Soldering iron, solder, flux
Yes: flux core solder is. No: acid core solder is not.
When circuit boards are assembled, the parts are soldered on. In order for the solder to make a good connection to the parts and to the board, a substance called flux is mixed into the solder. It removes oxidation and cleans up the surfaces of the different parts so that the solder can stick to them. After the board is assembled, there is still flux on the board. Flux remover dissolves the flux and washes it away.
Flux cleans the metal and helps the solder stick.
Flux is used to keep metals from oxidizing. Solder will not bond well with copper-oxides which are formed when copper is exposed to high temperatures (ie a soldering iron) the flux prevents the oxidation. If you were to solder without flux the solder joint would be weak and possibly completely nonconductive.
The majority of boat props are aluminum. You can't solder it, it has to be welded or heli arced.
flux acts as a wetting agent in the soldering process, reducing the surface tension of the molten solder and causing it to better wet out the parts to be joined.
You need flux to solder pipes properly. However many modern plumbers never solder, they use plastic or composite pipe like PEX.
Solder comes in 2 basic varieties, solid and rosin-core. Simple rosin-core solder is a tube of low-melting-point metal with flux filling the single core down the center. Multicore solder has multiple hollows in it, each filled with flux.
Solder has an expiration date because of the flux content. It does not go bad-per say, but the flux will dissipate out of the solder after a while. It's still useable, but the flux content may be slightly diminished. Also, over time the solder oxidizes. For home or hobby use, it's fine. But in a manufacturing atmosphere, you need to be prepared to throw some away every year.
To remove solder flux stains from clothing, wipe off any excess of flux from the clothing with a piece of paper towel. Mix 1 tbsp. of baking soda with enough warm water to make a paste. Apply the baking soda paste to the flux using an old toothbrush. The baking soda will act as a neutralizing agent. Wipe away the baking soda and the dissolved flux from the clothing with a damp cloth, then let it air dry thoroughly.