Yes, though they are referred to as classes
It depends on what class of boat, what mast and boom you have and what amount of wind you sail in.
The only ones I can think of are Drifting Clubs.
Making the sail area smaller is called reefing.
There are two parts to this answer. One, you need your racing license, which is different than your normal driving license. Two, you need to get a good track record in your minor racing leagues in order to move up the chain and get involved in more racing leagues
Heck yes! it is work! but really fun...
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I have found that these two sites are helpful:www.boathistoryreport.comwww.boatfax.com
I believe you're probably asking about a Spinnaker. The Simonator
Sailing vessels are now mainly for pleasure, some are used for racing and some for training purposes
Royal Yachting Association - The RYA is the national body for all forms of boating, including dinghy and yacht racing, motor and sail cruising, RIBs and sports boats, powerboat racing
In today's day and age of technology there is a wealth of information on the internet. You can find information about BMW Oracle Racing 90 on Sail-World.
There isn't really events per se, but their are different kinds of boats you can sail like optis, lasers, and 420's. You can also choose to do fleet racing which is by yourself or team racing.