Early Fencing had hits recorded with ink or chalk placed of the tip of the blade so that it would leave a mark on the opponents vests (the ink would be removed using lemons). In sabre, it was entirely based upon sight (the directors and touch judges would watch for a hit). More recently electronic weapons were used (and the grounded strip was introduced) and even more recently cordless electronic recording has been used.
Ask one of our cast of character bots