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What is arbitration in baseball?

Updated: 9/28/2023
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12y ago

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All players have contracts - but it is the length of Major League service time that determines how that contract is done.

- A major leaguer can not become a free agent until he has accumulated 6 full years of major league service time.

- If that major leaguer has a minimum of three years of major league service, but less than six full years and does NOT sign a contract covering any of that time period (years 4,5,6 - i.e. Jason Bay). that player is eligible for binding arbitration in each of those seasons. In addition, the top 17% of major league players with the most ML service time, but totaling less than three full years are also arbitration eligible (known as "Super 2's").

- Players with less than three full years service time and do NOT qualify as Super 2 arb eligible? They are at the mercy of their team as to how much they will be paid. You will most likely read about this in the transaction line; "Team X renewed the contracts of Players Y & Z"

-In the arbitration process, the player submits a figure for his yearly salary, as does his team. After each side presents their case, the arbiter makes his decision and awards the case to either the player of the club. No compromise - either the player wins or the club wins.

Binding arbitration was approved by the owners some years ago to resolve contract disputes. The club chooses whether or not to offer arbitration to any of their free agents. If they do, and the played declines the offer - they are free to sign wherever they wish. However, if the player accepts arbitration, he is considered a signed player .... and like the old joke goes ... now all we have to do is argue about price.

Now, before the hearing comes up, the player and the club can still negotiate a deal. If they can come to terms, the hearing is called off. If not, then the process goes to conclusion.

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