Professor Emeritus.
This is the Latin plural of Emeritus. In universities, a professor who has been with that school for many years and is now retired is often awarded the honorary title of Professor Emeritus. (Some schools use Emerita if it's a female, where others use Emeritus for both males and females.) But if we are referring to more than one of these retired professors, we would use the plural for both: Dr. Smith and Dr. Jones are both Professors Emeriti at Harvard University.
Emeritus is a suffix added to the title of a person retired from active service, but retaining rank or title. An example is a retired professor who has the title Professor Emeritus. A person who is retired but retains an honorary title corresponding to the position that was held immediately before retirement. e.g. an emeritus professor is a retired professor.
Major
That is the correct spelling of the Latin term "emeritus" (earned, merited).This term is frequently used to designate retired or semi-retired professors or clergy (e.g. bishop emeritus).
General Retired
Senator and Mrs. Smith. He retains the title even when he is retired.
Yes, because retired in this case is a part of the proper noun. Some styles allow you to not capitalize prepositions and articles, but retired is neither of these.
Yes. It is a very highbrow word for 'retired', usually used for university professors and such. Only if a professor would be recalled from retirement and re-installed in his old job at his old University he would lose the title. But if he would - after retirement from say Harvard - be offered a professorship elsewhere, he would still be "emeritus professor, Harvard University".
Chairman Emeritus
Tittle retired after the 1964 season at the age of 38 (born October 24, 1926).
You capitalize Judge Smith. You do not need to capitalize retired as it is not part of his title.
He will hold the title of Pope Emeritus - Retired Pope. He will still be addressed as the Holy Father.