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By transfer of kinetic energy.
The energy of the moving club slows, because some energy must be transferred to the ball. (the second law of thermodynamics will show this). It even slows as it travels through the air, because of entropy, and energy being released into the air in the form of small amounts of heat.
the mass of the ball and club and the velocity of the club
It works the same way it does on Earth. The momentum of the club is transferred to the golf ball and it travels. And it isn't slowed down by the friction of air.
Its momentum is due to the amount of energy transfered from club to ball. There are a few factors in this transfer, the speed of the club head, the compression of the club face and most importantly the compression of the golf ball.
assuming you meant to say "0.1 kg golf ball": 60 m/s Too easy
all of these
a golf club
Golf club
A golf club is the equipment that is used to hit a golf ball. There are different types of golf clubs depending on the type of ground you are hitting the ball from.
The face of the club.
It is a device used to hit a golf ball in the game of golf or it is a member club in the grounds of which golf is played.