Shortstops have one main duty, fielding balls hit to their position. When a fly ball is hit to them(either a line drive or pop-up) the player has to catch it, making sure that they don't collide with other fielders trying to make the same play. When a ground ball is hit to them, a shortstop has to throw to a base to get a runner out. Shortstops also cover second base for double plays when the ball is hit to the second baseman. Finally, they(or the second baseman) cover second base on a steal or pick off attempt.
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The short stop is usually the most athletic infielder he has to be able to cover a larger range of the infield. it is like the captain of the in flied besides the catcher.
The shortstop is the position between second and third base....to the left of the second base bag facing the outfield.
A lot! They cover 2 & 3 depending on what needs to be covered, back up and do a lot of fielding. These are just the basics so try to talk to a coach to see a couple of examples of plays