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Diffeerence between CSTR and PFR on volume baises?
For simple understanding PFR can be imagined as multiple CSTR's in series. PFR has benefits of higher conversion rates, product uniformity & less energy losses. CSTR stands for Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor. PFR stands for Plug Flow Reactor.
Why volume PFR less than CSTR for same conversion and reaction rate?
The reason that a PFR requires less volume than a CSTR is the difference in residence time distribution between the reactors. Residence time is the amount of time molecules spend in the reactor which equal to v/vo (v=volume of the reactor and v0 is volumetric flow rate). Let us assume that we design a PFR and CSTR that have similar residence time i.e. ratio of volume v and v0 is the same and we are pumping about 100 molecule per minute to each reactor. In the case of PFR, all the 100 molecules will spend exactly the same time inside the reactor (v/v0). In the case of CSTR, things are little more complicated, once the 100 molecule hit the CSTR, they mixted instantaneously and thus some of these 100 molecules will leave from the reactor exit stream very early i.e. will spend much less time inside the reactor (less the v/v0) and of course some these 100 molecule will spend more time making the average residence time the same as the PFR. Therefore, with the chance that molecules will spend shorter time in CSTR, we try to compensate for that effect by making bigger reactors so the ratio of these molecules spending short period of time inside the reactor less and thus its performance is comparable to the PFR. Very logical and easy to understand explanation. But how to prove series of CSTR equals to one PFR which is having a volume of sum of all CSTRs?
Why PFR requires less volume than CSTR for same conversion and reaction rates?
The reason that a PFR requires less volume than a CSTR is the difference in residence time distribution between the reactors. Residence time is the amount of time molecules spend in the reactor which equal to v/vo (v=volume of the reactor and v0 is volumetric flow rate). Let us assume that we design a PFR and CSTR that have similar residence time i.e. ratio of volume v and v0 is the same and we are pumping about 100 molecule per minute to each reactor. In the case of PFR, all the 100 molecules will spend exactly the same time inside the reactor (v/v0). In the case of CSTR, things are little more complicated, once the 100 molecule hit the CSTR, they mixted instantaneously and thus some of these 100 molecules will leave from the reactor exit stream very early i.e. will spend much less time inside the reactor (less the v/v0) and of course some these 100 molecule will spend more time making the average residence time the same as the PFR. Therefore, with the chance that molecules will spend shorter time in CSTR, we try to compensate for that effect by making bigger reactors so the ratio of these molecules spending short period of time inside the reactor less and thus its performance is comparable to the PFR. Very logical and easy to understand explanation. But how to prove series of CSTR equals to one PFR which is having a volume of sum of all CSTRs?
What is the equation for reaction rate?
. The transformation of glucose into fructose by the enzyme glucose isomerase, was carried out in two different types suspended-enzyme bioreactors: 1) CSTR, and 2) plug flow reactor. The process obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The following parameters and kinetic constants were kept the same in both bioreactors: $ So (input substrate concentration) = 1.0 mMol/L; $ F (volumetric flow rate) = 1.0 m3/h; $ Km = 7x10-4 Mol/L; $ Vmax = 0.2 mMol/(L.h) Determine: $ Volume of CSTR for 50% conversion of glucose; $ Volume of PFR for 50% conversion of glucose; $ Volumes of CSTR and PFR in series (assume that the volumes are equal) in two cases: $ first CSTR $ first PFR 2. Calculate the volume of a stirred tank bioreactor containing the same enzyme, but immobilized on the surface of a flat-geometry support. The value of the mass-transfer coefficient is 0.6 h-1. The values of the rest of process parameters are the same as above.
What is the ticker symbol for coinstars?
Cstr
What happen to pfr in moreno valley?
No
What are the two forms of phytochrome and how are they switched?
Phytochromes exist in two interconvertible forms PR because it absorbs red (R; 660 nm) light PFR because it absorbs far red (FR; 730 nm) light These are the relationships: Absorption of red light by PR converts it into PFR Absorption of far red light by PFR converts it into PR. In the dark, PFR spontaneously converts back to PR.
Are the Sony PFR-V1 Personal Field Speakers Stereo Headphones durable?
The Sony PFR-V1 speakers are very durable, and look great too. They can be dropped from your head and keep working just fine.
Does anyone agree that PFR sounds almost like an updated version of the Beatles?
No.
How do you enhance rate of reaction in CSTR?
rate of a reaction can be increased by increasing the temperature if the reactor
How can arrays within decisions improve program efficiency?
When a significant number of values must be tested to perform an operation, an array is more efficient then "if else" or "switch case" statements. Juge by the following example in C: const char* ConverteIntegerToCStr( unsigned int number, char cstr[] ) { // predefined array with the first 10000 number string representation // Note: the ellipsis is not part of the code static const Array[10000] = { "0", "1", "2", ..., "9998", "9999" }; if (number < 10000) memcpy( cstr, Array[number], strlen( Array[number] ) ); // very fast else itoa( number, cstr ); // standard C function that is much slower return cstr; }
What is UK 's first fast breeder reactor in Scotland called?
Dounreay PFR (Prototype Fast Reactor)
