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You breathe underwater using a a open circuit breathing apparatus which is commonly known as "S.C.U.B.A." : self contained underwater breathing apparatus.

The diver carries on his back a aluminum or steel tank, which holds compressed air.

The compressed air is reduced to a safe level to breathe using a demand regulator which is connected to the top of the tank.

This regulator is comprised of 2 stages, the 1st stage brings down the pressure from the tank which is around 2000 to 3000 psi. The pressure reduced air which is around 140 psi then travels down a hose to the 2nd stage which works on a demand system! This is the unit you see next to the divers mouth, the diver creates a seal around the mouth piece much like you would with a snorkel. A piston or a diaphragm holds back the air and only releases it when the diver breathes in. The used air that the diver breathes out is released through two exhaust ports. A Scuba diver can spend just under a hour underwater depending on how deep he dives or conditions like water temperature and comfort level.

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