How are pentalties in football?

Answer 1

A penalty occurs

• When a foul is committed by the defending team within their penalty area (also called the 18-yard box). All players except for the defending goalkeeper and executing player must stand outside the box.
• After extra-time has passed in a single-elimination match or the second leg of a two-legged elimination match and the score is still tied, a series of five penalties per team are taken. All players except for the executing player and the defending goalkeepers (the one not defending the current shot must stand outside the penalty box, and behind the goal line) must stand behind the half-way line, one team to each side of the central circle. If the result of the first series of five penalties per team is a draw, a penalty sudden-death starts - one player must score a penalty with his head-to-head adversary failing to score. This decides the match.

The referree places himself at the point aligned 90º with the six-yard box' vertice to the right of the keeper and the penalty spot, while the linesman stands on the goal line at the intersection with the 18-yard box line, to verify that the goalkeeper does not leave the goal line before the ball has been struck. In the case of a shootout, the second linesman stands inside the central circle, verifying that no players cross the half-way line.