If the ball is completely outside of the penalty area then the goal keeper may not touch it with his hands. Doing so will result in a direct free kick for the opposition at the location of the touch, just like any other player.
Where the goal keeper's body is at the moment of the touch does not matter.
yes
It dictates the area in which the goalie should have complete freedom of movement and is the goalie's area.
Yes
A direct free kick would be awarded to the opposing team.
The Goalie box does not exist. If you are talking about the Goalie Crease, it is a semi-circle in front of the net that is considered the goalie's area and other players are not to invade that area.
If it's not the goalkeeper and outside the area, and the referee thinks it's deliberate, then it's a free kick to the opposition. If it's not the goalie and inside the area, and deliberate, then it's a penalty. If the goalie handles outside the area, then it's a free kick - this is most likely to result in a sending off as well.
Yes, as long as they are in the goalie box
crease
A goal keeper cannot deliberately handle the ball outside of his own penalty area. If they do, then a direct free kick is awarded to the opponents.
The opposing team must remain outside of the penalty area during the taking of a goal kick. No player may touch the ball until it leaves the penalty area.
Yes, the goalie is allowed to handle the ball as long as the ball remains in the marked area. I.E. If the goalie slides to get a ball, and slides out of the penalty box, but the ball remains inside, it is still as if he/she had just picked it up standing inside the box. Hope it helps!
A goal keeper is allowed to touch the ball with their hands when the ball is inside their own penalty area. If a goal keeper does so outside of the area, then a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team.